Dynamically assigning storage locations for messaging system data

ABSTRACT

Method of dynamically assigning storage locations starts with the processor receiving a signal from a first client device associated with a first user. Processor stores a current location of the first client device in a historical database and determines whether a home location data associated with the first user matches the current location. In response to determining that the home location data associated with the first user does not match the current location, processor determines whether the first user has been associated with the current location at a greater frequency than the home location data based on the historical database. In response to determining that the first user has been associated with the current location at a greater frequency, processor updates the home location data associated with the first user to the current location. Other embodiments are described.

CROSS REFERENCED TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.16/880,477, filed May 21, 2020, which application claims priority toU.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 63/003,158, filed Mar. 31,2020, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference intheir entirety.

BACKGROUND

Electronic messaging, particularly instant messaging, continues to growglobally in popularity. Users are quickly able to share with one anotherelectronic media content items including text, electronic images, audio,and video instantly. Given the global nature of our communications,users on messaging systems need to communicate as easily with users inthe same city as with users in another country halfway across the world.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

In the drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, like numeralsmay describe similar components in different views. Like numerals havingdifferent letter suffixes may represent different instances of similarcomponents. To easily identify the discussion of any particular elementor act, the most significant digit or digits in a reference number referto the figure number in which that element is first introduced. Someembodiments are illustrated by way of example, and not limitation, inthe figures of the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of a networked environment inwhich the present disclosure may be deployed, in accordance with someexample embodiments.

FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic representation of a messaging clientapplication, in accordance with some example embodiments.

FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic representation of a data structure asmaintained in a database, in accordance with some example embodiments.

FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic representation of a message, in accordance withsome example embodiments.

FIG. 5 illustrates a process 500 of dynamically assigning a storagelocation for a user data in accordance with one embodiment.

FIG. 6 illustrates a process 600 dynamically assigning a storagelocation for a communication session data in accordance with oneembodiment.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart for an access-limiting process, in accordance withsome example embodiments.

FIG. 8 is a diagrammatic representation of a machine in the form of acomputer system within which a set of instructions may be executed forcausing the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologiesdiscussed herein, in accordance with some example embodiments.

FIG. 9 is block diagram showing a software architecture within which thepresent disclosure may be implemented, according to an exampleembodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The description that follows includes systems, methods, techniques,instruction sequences, and computing machine program products thatembody illustrative embodiments of the disclosure. In the followingdescription, for the purposes of explanation, numerous specific detailsare set forth in order to provide an understanding of variousembodiments of the inventive subject matter. It will be evident,however, to those skilled in the art, that embodiments of the inventivesubject matter may be practiced without these specific details. Ingeneral, well-known instruction instances, protocols, structures, andtechniques are not necessarily shown in detail.

To facilitate the sharing of the large amount of media content itemsbeing exchanged between a network of individuals on the messagingsystem, the system is faced with challenges when dealing with highlymutable and largely ephemeral media content items being sent andreceived. Among other things, embodiments of the present disclosureimprove the functionality of the messaging system by identifying andassigning a storage location for data associated with the users in themessaging system as well as a single storage location for data that isshared between multiple users, for example, in a messaging conversation.The data associated with each of the users can include user data such asprofile data, preferences, subscriptions, user connections on themessaging system, etc. The shared data between multiple users in amessaging conversation can media content items (e.g., text messages,images, videos, animations, webpage links, etc.) that were shared witheach of the users in the messaging conversation via a messaginginterface. The single storage to store this shared data is selected tobe optimal when taking into account each of the users in the messagingconversation. For example, the single storage location can be selectedbased on the home location associated with each of the multiple users.The single storage location can also be selected based on the latencythat is experienced or perceived by each of the multiple users duringthe messaging conversation. The cost or the performance of storagelocations can also be considered when selecting the single storagelocation. The selection of the single storage location can also bereevaluated periodically or upon detection of changes including, forexample, a change in the home location of any of the users, a change inthe number of available storage locations, a change in the cost orperformance of the available storage locations, etc.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example messaging system 100 forexchanging data (e.g., messages and associated content) over a network.The messaging system 100 includes multiple instances of a client device102, each of which hosts a number of applications including a messagingclient application 104 and a data storage client controller 124. Eachmessaging client application 104 is communicatively coupled to otherinstances of the messaging client application 104 and a messaging serversystem 108 via a network 106 (e.g., the Internet). Each data storageclient controller 124 can be communicatively coupled to other instancesof the data storage client controller 124 and a data storage servercontroller 126 in the messaging server system 108 via the network 106.

A messaging client application 104 is able to communicate and exchangedata with another messaging client application 104 and with themessaging server system 108 via the network 106. The data exchangedbetween messaging client application 104, and between a messaging clientapplication 104 and the messaging server system 108, includes functions(e.g., commands to invoke functions) as well as payload data (e.g.,text, audio, video or other multimedia data).

The messaging server system 108 provides server-side functionality viathe network 106 to a particular messaging client application 104. Whilecertain functions of the messaging system 100 are described herein asbeing performed by either a messaging client application 104 or by themessaging server system 108, the location of certain functionalityeither within the messaging client application 104 or the messagingserver system 108 is a design choice. For example, it may be technicallypreferable to initially deploy certain technology and functionalitywithin the messaging server system 108, but to later migrate thistechnology and functionality to the messaging client application 104where a client device 102 has a sufficient processing capacity.

The messaging server system 108 supports various services and operationsthat are provided to the messaging client application 104. Suchoperations include transmitting data to, receiving data from, andprocessing data generated by the messaging client application 104. Thisdata may include, message content, client device information,geolocation information, media annotation and overlays, message contentpersistence conditions, social network information, and live eventinformation, as examples. Data exchanges within the messaging system 100are invoked and controlled through functions available via userinterfaces (UIs) of the messaging client application 104.

The data storage client controller 124 is able to communicate andexchange data with another data storage client controller 124 and withthe data storage server controller 126 via the network 106. The dataexchanged between the plurality of data storage client controller 124,and between the data storage client controller 124 and the data storageserver controller 126 can include the home data location associated withthe user of the client device 102, the current location of the clientdevice 102, a history of the previously recorded current locations ofthe client device 102, functions (e.g., commands to invoke functions) aswell as other payload data (e.g., text, audio, video or other multimediadata).

Turning now specifically to the messaging server system 108, anApplication Program Interface (API) server 110 is coupled to, andprovides a programmatic interface to, an application server 112. Theapplication server 112 is communicatively coupled to a database server118, which facilitates access to a database 120 in which is stored dataassociated with messages processed by the application server 112.

The Application Program Interface (API) server 110 receives andtransmits message data (e.g., commands and message payloads) between theclient device 102 and the application server 112. Specifically, theApplication Program Interface (API) server 110 provides a set ofinterfaces (e.g., routines and protocols) that can be called or queriedby the messaging client application 104 in order to invoke functionalityof the application server 112. The Application Program Interface (API)server 110 exposes various functions supported by the application server112, including account registration, login functionality, the sending ofmessages, via the application server 112, from a particular messagingclient application 104 to another messaging client application 104, thesending of media files (e.g., images or video) from a messaging clientapplication 104 to the messaging server application 114, and forpossible access by another messaging client application 104, the settingof a collection of media data (e.g., story), the retrieval of a list offriends of a user of a client device 102, the retrieval of suchcollections, the retrieval of messages and content, the adding anddeletion of friends to a social graph, the location of friends within asocial graph, and opening an application event (e.g., relating to themessaging client application 104).

The application server 112 hosts a number of applications andsubsystems, including a messaging server application 114, an imageprocessing system 116 and a social network system 122. The messagingserver application 114 implements a number of message processingtechnologies and functions, particularly related to the aggregation andother processing of content (e.g., textual and multimedia content)included in messages received from multiple instances of the messagingclient application 104. As will be described in further detail, the textand media content from multiple sources may be aggregated intocollections of content (e.g., called stories or galleries). Thesecollections are then made available, by the messaging server application114, to the messaging client application 104. Other Processor and memoryintensive processing of data may also be performed server-side by themessaging server application 114, in view of the hardware requirementsfor such processing.

The application server 112 also includes an image processing system 116that is dedicated to performing various image processing operations,typically with respect to images or video received within the payload ofa message at the messaging server application 114.

The social network system 122 supports various social networkingfunctions services and makes these functions and services available tothe messaging server application 114. To this end, the social networksystem 122 maintains and accesses an entity graph 304 (as shown in FIG.3 ) within the database 120. Examples of functions and servicessupported by the social network system 122 include the identification ofother users of the messaging system 100 with which a particular user hasrelationships or is “following”, and also the identification of otherentities and interests of a particular user.

The application server 112 also includes the data storage servercontroller 126 that can communicate with the data storage clientcontroller 124 in the client device 102 to exchange data used identifyand assign storage locations to data associated with a user and dataassociated with a communication session including a plurality of users.The data storage server controller 126 can also be coupled to themessaging server application 114 to establish an electronic groupcommunication session (e.g., group chat, instant messaging) for theclient devices in a communication session.

The application server 112 is communicatively coupled to a databaseserver 118, which facilitates access to a database 120 in which isstored data associated with messages processed by the messaging serverapplication 114.

FIG. 2 is block diagram illustrating further details regarding themessaging system 100, according to example embodiments. Specifically,the messaging system 100 is shown to comprise the messaging clientapplication 104 and the application server 112, which in turn embody anumber of some subsystems, namely an ephemeral timer system 202, acollection management system 204 and an annotation system 206.

The ephemeral timer system 202 is responsible for enforcing thetemporary access to content permitted by the messaging clientapplication 104 and the messaging server application 114. To this end,the ephemeral timer system 202 incorporates a number of timers that,based on duration and display parameters associated with a message, orcollection of messages (e.g., a story), selectively display and enableaccess to messages and associated content via the messaging clientapplication 104. Further details regarding the operation of theephemeral timer system 202 are provided below.

The collection management system 204 is responsible for managingcollections of media (e.g., collections of text, image video and audiodata). In some examples, a collection of content (e.g., messages,including images, video, text and audio) may be organized into an “eventgallery” or an “event story.” Such a collection may be made availablefor a specified time period, such as the duration of an event to whichthe content relates. For example, content relating to a music concertmay be made available as a “story” for the duration of that musicconcert. The collection management system 204 may also be responsiblefor publishing an icon that provides notification of the existence of aparticular collection to the user interface of the messaging clientapplication 104.

The collection management system 204 furthermore includes a curationinterface 208 that allows a collection manager to manage and curate aparticular collection of content. For example, the curation interface208 enables an event organizer to curate a collection of contentrelating to a specific event (e.g., delete inappropriate content orredundant messages). Additionally, the collection management system 204employs machine vision (or image recognition technology) and contentrules to automatically curate a content collection. In certainembodiments, compensation may be paid to a user for inclusion ofuser-generated content into a collection. In such cases, the curationinterface 208 operates to automatically make payments to such users forthe use of their content.

The annotation system 206 provides various functions that enable a userto annotate or otherwise modify or edit media content associated with amessage. For example, the annotation system 206 provides functionsrelated to the generation and publishing of media overlays for messagesprocessed by the messaging system 100. The annotation system 206operatively supplies a media overlay or supplementation (e.g., an imagefilter) to the messaging client application 104 based on a geolocationof the client device 102. In another example, the annotation system 206operatively supplies a media overlay to the messaging client application104 based on other information, such as social network information ofthe user of the client device 102. A media overlay may include audio andvisual content and visual effects. Examples of audio and visual contentinclude pictures, texts, logos, animations, and sound effects. Anexample of a visual effect includes color overlaying. The audio andvisual content or the visual effects can be applied to a media contentitem (e.g., a photo) at the client device 102. For example, the mediaoverlay may include text that can be overlaid on top of a photographtaken by the client device 102. In another example, the media overlayincludes an identification of a location overlay (e.g., Venice beach), aname of a live event, or a name of a merchant overlay (e.g., BeachCoffee House). In another example, the annotation system 206 uses thegeolocation of the client device 102 to identify a media overlay thatincludes the name of a merchant at the geolocation of the client device102. The media overlay may include other indicia associated with themerchant. The media overlays may be stored in the database 120 andaccessed through the database server 118.

In one example embodiment, the annotation system 206 provides auser-based publication platform that enables users to select ageolocation on a map, and upload content associated with the selectedgeolocation. The user may also specify circumstances under which aparticular media overlay should be offered to other users. Theannotation system 206 generates a media overlay that includes theuploaded content and associates the uploaded content with the selectedgeolocation.

In another example embodiment, the annotation system 206 provides amerchant-based publication platform that enables merchants to select aparticular media overlay associated with a geolocation via a biddingprocess. For example, the annotation system 206 associates the mediaoverlay of a highest bidding merchant with a corresponding geolocationfor a predefined amount of time.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating data structures 300 which maybe stored in the database 120 of the messaging server system 108,according to certain example embodiments. While the content of thedatabase 120 is shown to comprise a number of tables, it will beappreciated that the data could be stored in other types of datastructures (e.g., as an object-oriented database).

The database 120 includes message data stored within a message table314. The entity table 302 stores entity data, including an entity graph304. Entities for which records are maintained within the entity table302 may include individuals, corporate entities, organizations, objects,places, events, etc. Regardless of type, any entity regarding which themessaging server system 108 stores data may be a recognized entity. Eachentity is provided with a unique identifier, as well as an entity typeidentifier (not shown).

The entity graph 304 furthermore stores information regardingrelationships and associations between entities. Such relationships maybe social, professional (e.g., work at a common corporation ororganization) interested-based or activity-based, merely for example.

The database 120 also stores annotation data, in the example form offilters, in an annotation table 312. Filters for which data is storedwithin the annotation table 312 are associated with and applied tovideos (for which data is stored in a video table 310) and/or images(for which data is stored in an image table 308). Filters, in oneexample, are overlays that are displayed as overlaid on an image orvideo during presentation to a recipient user. Filters may be of variestypes, including user-selected filters from a gallery of filterspresented to a sending user by the messaging client application 104 whenthe sending user is composing a message. Other types of filters includegeolocation filters (also known as geo-filters) which may be presentedto a sending user based on geographic location. For example, geolocationfilters specific to a neighborhood or special location may be presentedwithin a user interface by the messaging client application 104, basedon geolocation information determined by a GPS unit of the client device102. Another type of filter is a data filter, which may be selectivelypresented to a sending user by the messaging client application 104,based on other inputs or information gathered by the client device 102during the message creation process. Example of data filters includecurrent temperature at a specific location, a current speed at which asending user is traveling, battery life for a client device 102, or thecurrent time.

Other annotation data that may be stored within the image table 308 areaugmented reality content items (e.g., corresponding to applying Lensesor augmented reality experiences). An augmented reality content item maybe a real-time special effect and sound that may be added to an image ora video.

As described above, augmented reality content items, overlays, imagetransformations, AR images and similar terms refer to modifications thatmay be made to videos or images. This includes real-time modificationwhich modifies an image as it is captured using a device sensor and thendisplayed on a screen of the device with the modifications. This alsoincludes modifications to stored content, such as video clips in agallery that may be modified. For example, in a device with access tomultiple augmented reality content items, a user can use a single videoclip with multiple augmented reality content items to see how thedifferent augmented reality content items will modify the stored clip.For example, multiple augmented reality content items that applydifferent pseudorandom movement models can be applied to the samecontent by selecting different augmented reality content items for thecontent. Similarly, real-time video capture may be used with anillustrated modification to show how video images currently beingcaptured by sensors of a device would modify the captured data. Suchdata may simply be displayed on the screen and not stored in memory, orthe content captured by the device sensors may be recorded and stored inmemory with or without the modifications (or both). In some systems, apreview feature can show how different augmented reality content itemswill look within different windows in a display at the same time. Thiscan, for example, enable multiple windows with different pseudorandomanimations to be viewed on a display at the same time.

Data and various systems using augmented reality content items or othersuch transform systems to modify content using this data can thusinvolve detection of objects (e.g., faces, hands, bodies, cats, dogs,surfaces, objects, etc.), tracking of such objects as they leave, enter,and move around the field of view in video frames, and the modificationor transformation of such objects as they are tracked. In variousembodiments, different methods for achieving such transformations may beused. For example, some embodiments may involve generating athree-dimensional mesh model of the object or objects and usingtransformations and animated textures of the model within the video toachieve the transformation. In other embodiments, tracking of points onan object may be used to place an image or texture (which may be twodimensional or three dimensional) at the tracked position. In stillfurther embodiments, neural network analysis of video frames may be usedto place images, models, or textures in content (e.g., images or framesof video). Augmented reality content items thus refer both to theimages, models, and textures used to create transformations in content,as well as to additional modeling and analysis information needed toachieve such transformations with object detection, tracking, andplacement.

Real-time video processing can be performed with any kind of video data(e.g., video streams, video files, etc.) saved in a memory of acomputerized system of any kind. For example, a user can load videofiles and save them in a memory of a device or can generate a videostream using sensors of the device. Additionally, any objects can beprocessed using a computer animation model, such as a human's face andparts of a human body, animals, or non-living things such as chairs,cars, or other objects.

In some embodiments, when a particular modification is selected alongwith content to be transformed, elements to be transformed areidentified by the computing device, and then detected and tracked ifthey are present in the frames of the video. The elements of the objectare modified according to the request for modification, thustransforming the frames of the video stream. Transformation of frames ofa video stream can be performed by different methods for different kindsof transformation. For example, for transformations of frames mostlyreferring to changing forms of object's elements characteristic pointsfor each of element of an object are calculated (e.g., using an ActiveShape Model (ASM) or other known methods). Then, a mesh based on thecharacteristic points is generated for each of the at least one elementof the object. This mesh used in the following stage of tracking theelements of the object in the video stream. In the process of tracking,the mentioned mesh for each element is aligned with a position of eachelement. Then, additional points are generated on the mesh. A first setof first points is generated for each element based on a request formodification, and a set of second points is generated for each elementbased on the set of first points and the request for modification. Then,the frames of the video stream can be transformed by modifying theelements of the object on the basis of the sets of first and secondpoints and the mesh. In such method, a background of the modified objectcan be changed or distorted as well by tracking and modifying thebackground.

In one or more embodiments, transformations changing some areas of anobject using its elements can be performed by calculating ofcharacteristic points for each element of an object and generating amesh based on the calculated characteristic points. Points are generatedon the mesh, and then various areas based on the points are generated.The elements of the object are then tracked by aligning the area foreach element with a position for each of the at least one element, andproperties of the areas can be modified based on the request formodification, thus transforming the frames of the video stream.Depending on the specific request for modification properties of thementioned areas can be transformed in different ways. Such modificationsmay involve changing color of areas; removing at least some part ofareas from the frames of the video stream; including one or more newobjects into areas which are based on a request for modification; andmodifying or distorting the elements of an area or object. In variousembodiments, any combination of such modifications or other similarmodifications may be used. For certain models to be animated, somecharacteristic points can be selected as control points to be used indetermining the entire state-space of options for the model animation.

In some embodiments of a computer animation model to transform imagedata using face detection, the face is detected on an image with use ofa specific face detection algorithm (e.g., Viola-Jones). Then, an ActiveShape Model (ASM) algorithm is applied to the face region of an image todetect facial feature reference points.

In other embodiments, other methods and algorithms suitable for facedetection can be used. For example, in some embodiments, features arelocated using a landmark which represents a distinguishable pointpresent in most of the images under consideration. For facial landmarks,for example, the location of the left eye pupil may be used. In aninitial landmark is not identifiable (e.g., if a person has aneyepatch), secondary landmarks may be used. Such landmark identificationprocedures may be used for any such objects. In some embodiments, a setof landmarks forms a shape. Shapes can be represented as vectors usingthe coordinates of the points in the shape. One shape is aligned toanother with a similarity transform (allowing translation, scaling, androtation) that minimizes the average Euclidean distance between shapepoints. The mean shape is the mean of the aligned training shapes.

In some embodiments, a search for landmarks from the mean shape alignedto the position and size of the face determined by a global facedetector is started. Such a search then repeats the steps of suggestinga tentative shape by adjusting the locations of shape points by templatematching of the image texture around each point and then conforming thetentative shape to a global shape model until convergence occurs. Insome systems, individual template matches are unreliable, and the shapemodel pools the results of the weak template matchers to form a strongeroverall classifier. The entire search is repeated at each level in animage pyramid, from coarse to fine resolution.

Embodiments of a transformation system can capture an image or videostream on a client device (e.g., the client device 102) and performcomplex image manipulations locally on the client device 102 whilemaintaining a suitable user experience, computation time, and powerconsumption. The complex image manipulations may include size and shapechanges, emotion transfers (e.g., changing a face from a frown to asmile), state transfers (e.g., aging a subject, reducing apparent age,changing gender), style transfers, graphical element application, andany other suitable image or video manipulation implemented by aconvolutional neural network that has been configured to executeefficiently on the client device 102.

In some example embodiments, a computer animation model to transformimage data can be used by a system where a user may capture an image orvideo stream of the user (e.g., a selfie) using a client device 102having a neural network operating as part of a messaging clientapplication 104 operating on the client device 102. The transform systemoperating within the messaging client application 104 determines thepresence of a face within the image or video stream and providesmodification icons associated with a computer animation model totransform image data, or the computer animation model can be present asassociated with an interface described herein. The modification iconsinclude changes which may be the basis for modifying the user's facewithin the image or video stream as part of the modification operation.Once a modification icon is selected, the transform system initiates aprocess to convert the image of the user to reflect the selectedmodification icon (e.g., generate a smiling face on the user). In someembodiments, a modified image or video stream may be presented in agraphical user interface displayed on the mobile client device as soonas the image or video stream is captured, and a specified modificationis selected. The transform system may implement a complex convolutionalneural network on a portion of the image or video stream to generate andapply the selected modification. That is, the user may capture the imageor video stream and be presented with a modified result in real time ornear real time once a modification icon has been selected. Further, themodification may be persistent while the video stream is being capturedand the selected modification icon remains toggled. Machine taughtneural networks may be used to enable such modifications.

In some embodiments, the graphical user interface, presenting themodification performed by the transform system, may supply the user withadditional interaction options. Such options may be based on theinterface used to initiate the content capture and selection of aparticular computer animation model (e.g., initiation from a contentcreator user interface). In various embodiments, a modification may bepersistent after an initial selection of a modification icon. The usermay toggle the modification on or off by tapping or otherwise selectingthe face being modified by the transformation system and store it forlater viewing or browse to other areas of the imaging application. Wheremultiple faces are modified by the transformation system, the user maytoggle the modification on or off globally by tapping or selecting asingle face modified and displayed within a graphical user interface. Insome embodiments, individual faces, among a group of multiple faces, maybe individually modified or such modifications may be individuallytoggled by tapping or selecting the individual face or a series ofindividual faces displayed within the graphical user interface.

As mentioned above, the video table 310 stores video data which, in oneembodiment, is associated with messages for which records are maintainedwithin the message table 314. Similarly, the image table 308 storesimage data associated with messages for which message data is stored inthe entity table 302. The entity table 302 may associate variousannotations from the annotation table 312 with various images and videosstored in the image table 308 and the video table 310.

A story table 306 stores data regarding collections of messages andassociated image, video, or audio data, which are compiled into acollection (e.g., a story or a gallery). The creation of a particularcollection may be initiated by a particular user (e.g., each user forwhich a record is maintained in the entity table 302). A user may createa “personal story” in the form of a collection of content that has beencreated and sent/broadcast by that user. To this end, the user interfaceof the messaging client application 104 may include an icon that isuser-selectable to enable a sending user to add specific content to hisor her personal story.

A collection may also constitute a “live story,” which is a collectionof content from multiple users that is created manually, automatically,or using a combination of manual and automatic techniques. For example,a “live story” may constitute a curated stream of user-submitted contentfrom varies locations and events. Users whose client devices havelocation services enabled and are at a common location event at aparticular time may, for example, be presented with an option, via auser interface of the messaging client application 104, to contributecontent to a particular live story. The live story may be identified tothe user by the messaging client application 104, based on his or herlocation. The end result is a “live story” told from a communityperspective.

A further type of content collection is known as a “location story”,which enables a user whose client device 102 is located within aspecific geographic location (e.g., on a college or university campus)to contribute to a particular collection. In some embodiments, acontribution to a location story may require a second degree ofauthentication to verify that the end user belongs to a specificorganization or other entity (e.g., is a student on the universitycampus).

The database 120 can also store location information data pertaining toeach of the users in the messaging system 100 as well as locationinformation data pertaining to each communication session betweenmultiple users in the messaging system 100 in the data location table316. The data location table 316 can include a historical database foreach of the users in the messaging system 100 to store the locationinformation data pertaining to the users. For example, the historicaldatabase can include a history of the locations that are previouslyrecorded in association with the users. For example, data associatedwith the users can comprise the home location data including a regionlocation (e.g., New York or East Coast United States) and countrylocation (e.g., United States). The location information data pertainingto each communication session can include the identification of thestorage location selected to store the shared data associated with thecommunication session (e.g., communication session data). Theidentification of the storage location can include a name, anidentification number, a network address, a region location, or acountry location.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a structure of a message 400,according to some in some embodiments, generated by a messaging clientapplication 104 for communication to a further messaging clientapplication 104 or the messaging server application 114. The content ofa particular message 400 is used to populate the message table 314stored within the database 120, accessible by the messaging serverapplication 114. Similarly, the content of a message 400 is stored inmemory as “in-transit” or “in-flight” data of the client device 102 orthe application server 112. The message 400 is shown to include thefollowing components:

-   -   A message identifier 402: a unique identifier that identifies        the message 400.    -   A message text payload 404: text, to be generated by a user via        a user interface of the client device 102 and that is included        in the message 400.    -   A message image payload 406: image data, captured by a camera        component of a client device 102 or retrieved from a memory        component of a client device 102, and that is included in the        message 400.    -   A message video payload 408: video data, captured by a camera        component or retrieved from a memory component of the client        device 102 and that is included in the message 400.    -   A message audio payload 410: audio data, captured by a        microphone or retrieved from a memory component of the client        device 102, and that is included in the message 400.    -   A message annotations 412: annotation data (e.g., filters,        stickers or other enhancements) that represents annotations to        be applied to message image payload 406, message video payload        408, or message audio payload 410 of the message 400.    -   A message duration parameter 414: parameter value indicating, in        seconds, the amount of time for which content of the message        (e.g., the message image payload 406, message video payload 408,        message audio payload 410) is to be presented or made accessible        to a user via the messaging client application 104.    -   A message geolocation parameter 416: geolocation data (e.g.,        latitudinal and longitudinal coordinates) associated with the        content payload of the message. Multiple message geolocation        parameter 416 values may be included in the payload, each of        these parameter values being associated with respect to content        items included in the content (e.g., a specific image into        within the message image payload 406, or a specific video in the        message video payload 408).    -   A message story identifier 418: identifier values identifying        one or more content collections (e.g., “stories”) with which a        particular content item in the message image payload 406 of the        message 400 is associated. For example, multiple images within        the message image payload 406 may each be associated with        multiple content collections using identifier values.    -   A message tag 420: each message 400 may be tagged with multiple        tags, each of which is indicative of the subject matter of        content included in the message payload. For example, where a        particular image included in the message image payload 406        depicts an animal (e.g., a lion), a tag value may be included        within the message tag 420 that is indicative of the relevant        animal. Tag values may be generated manually, based on user        input, or may be automatically generated using, for example,        image recognition.    -   A message sender identifier 422: an identifier (e.g., a        messaging system identifier, email address, or device        identifier) indicative of a user of the client device 102 on        which the message 400 was generated and from which the message        400 was sent    -   A message receiver identifier 424: an identifier (e.g., a        messaging system identifier, email address, or device        identifier) indicative of a user of the client device 102 to        which the message 400 is addressed.

The contents (e.g., values) of the various components of message 400 maybe pointers to locations in tables within which content data values arestored. For example, an image value in the message image payload 406 maybe a pointer to (or address of) a location within an image table 308.Similarly, values within the message video payload 408 may point to datastored within a video table 310, values stored within the messageannotations 412 may point to data stored in an annotation table 312,values stored within the message story identifier 418 may point to datastored in a story table 306, and values stored within the message senderidentifier 422 and the message receiver identifier 424 may point to userrecords stored within an entity table 302.

Although the following flowcharts can describe the operations as asequential process, many of the operations can be performed in parallelor concurrently. In addition, the order of the operations may bere-arranged. A process is terminated when its operations are completed.A process may correspond to a method, a procedure, etc. The steps ofmethods may be performed in whole or in part, may be performed inconjunction with some or all of the steps in other methods, and may beperformed by any number of different systems, such as the systemsdescribed in FIG. 1 , and/or FIG. 8 , or any portion thereof, such as aprocessor included in any of the systems.

FIG. 5 illustrates a process 500 of dynamically assigning a storagelocation for a user data in accordance with one embodiment. The dataassociated with each of the users can include user data such as profiledata, preferences, subscriptions, user connections on the messagingsystem, etc. In one embodiment, the process 500 can be performed by thedata storage server controller 126 in the messaging server system 108.

In process 500, the data storage server controller 126 receives a signalfrom a first client device 102 that is associated with a first user, atoperation 502. In one embodiment, the signal can be generated when thefirst user via the first client device 102 signs up for the messagingservice maintained by the messaging server system 108. The signal canalso be generated when the first user using the first client device 102logs into the messaging server system 108. The signal can include thelocation information that is provided by the first user or by the firstclient device 102. For example, the first user can input his homelocation when signing up with the messaging server system 108. Thelocation information can also be generated by a Global PositioningSystem (GPS) location service that has been enabled on the client device102 such that the location information that is provided to the datastorage server controller 126 is the client device 102's GPS recordedlocation. In another embodiment, using the signal from the first clientdevice 102, the data storage server controller 126 can also performInternet Protocol (IP) tracing to determine the location of the firstclient device 102. The signal can also be a network signal from whichthe data storage server controller 126 can determine the location of thefirst client device 102.

At operation 504, the data storage server controller 126 stores acurrent location of the first client device 102 in a historical databaseassociated with the first user. The data storage server controller 126determines the current location of the first client device 102 using thesignal that is received. The historical database can be stored in thedata location table 316. The historical database associated with thefirst user can include a history of the locations that are previouslyrecorded in association with the first user. For example, the history ofthe locations can include a region location and a country location. Inone embodiment, the historical database also stores the home locationdata associated with the first user. The home location data indicatesthe location the first user spends the majority of his time. The homelocation data, in one embodiment, is the location in the historicaldatabase that appears the most frequently in the historical database.The home location data can also include a region location (e.g., NewYork or East Coast United States) and country location (e.g., UnitedStates).

The home location data is used by data storage server controller 126(and data storage client controller 124) to optimize the storagelocation of the user's data. To optimize access to the user's data, inone embodiment, the storage location (e.g., data centers) that isselected to store the user's data is proximate to the user's homelocation identified by the home location data.

At operation 506, the data storage server controller 126 determineswhether no data has been associated with the first user as a homelocation data. For example, when the first user signs up for themessaging server system 108 for the first time, the messaging serversystem 108 does not have any previous signals from which it caninterpret the location the first user spends the majority of his time.If no data has been associated with the first user as a home locationdata in operation 506, at operation 508, the data storage servercontroller 126 stores the current location as the home location dataassociated with the first user. In this example, when the first usersigns up for the first time for the messaging server system 108, thedata storage server controller 126 will establish that his currentlocation is his home location for the purposes of setting up the homelocation data.

If data has been associated with the first user as a home location datain operation 506, at operation 510, the data storage server controller126 determines whether the home location data matches the currentlocation.

At operation 512, the data storage server controller 126 maintains thehome location data associated with the first user unchanged when thedata storage server controller 126 determines that the home locationdata matches the current location. For example, when current location ofthe first client device 102 (e.g., New York, USA) matches home locationidentified by the home location data (e.g., New York, USA), the datastorage server controller 126 establishes that the home location that isset and stored in data location table 316 is still current and valid.

When the data storage server controller 126 determines that the homelocation data does not match the current location, at operation 514, thedata storage server controller 126 determines whether the first user hasbeen associated with the current location at a greater frequency thanthe home location data. For example, the first user can be on vacationin Rome, Italy such that the current location of the first client device102 (e.g., Rome, Italy) does not match home location identified by thehome location data (e.g., New York, USA). In this example, the datastorage server controller 126 needs to determine whether Rome, Italycould be the actual home location or just a one-time or infrequentlyvisited location for the first user. To make this determination, thedata storage server controller 126 can assess the historical databaseassociated with the first user in data location table 316 to determinethe number of times Rome, Italy (e.g., current location) appears in thehistorical database compared to the number of times New York, USA (e.g.,home location indicated in the home location data).

When data storage server controller 126 determines that the first userhas been associated with the current location at a greater frequencythan the home location data, the data storage server controller 126updates the home location data associated with the first user to thecurrent location at operation 516. For example, if Rome, Italy occursmore frequently than New York, USA, the data storage server controller126 can determine that New York was the vacation location and Rome isthe home location. The data storage server controller 126 can update thehome location data associated with the first user to Rome, Italy andthereby, replacing New York, USA as the home location.

In one embodiment, when the home location data is updated to the currentlocation, the data storage server controller 126 updates the user datastorage location from a first storage location to a second storagelocation based on the updated home location data. The first and secondstorage location are data centers at different geographic locations. Thefirst storage location can be located closer to the previous homelocation (e.g., New York) whereas the second storage location can belocated closer to the updated home location (e.g., Rome, Italy).

The data storage server controller 126 can then determine whether totransfer the user data associated with the first user to the secondlocation based on, for example, a size of the user data, a usagefrequency associated with the first user, a latency cost associated withstoring the user data associated with the first user in the firstlocation and the second location, a financial cost of storing the userdata associated with the first user in the first location and the secondlocation, etc.

The data storage server controller 126 uses these factors to assess theease and cost of the transfer. For example, if the first user's data isa small amount of data, the data storage server controller 126 candetermine that the transfer would be simple such that it is worthperforming the transfer. If the first user is a very frequent user ofthe messaging server system 108, the data storage server controller 126can determine that it is worth transferring the user's data because thefirst user accesses the data frequently.

In another example, the data storage server controller 126 may determinethat further assessments are needed before transferring data if thefirst user is a frequent user of the messaging system 100 because thesize of the first user's data and the number of communication sessionsthat include this user is significant. The latency costs of the transfer(e.g., how intrusive it would be to the first user or other users) canthus also affect the data storage server controller 126's decision totransfer the first user's data. The data storage server controller 126can also assess a financial cost (e.g., price of storage) of the firststorage in comparison to the second storage. The data storage servercontroller 126 can also consider the performance capabilities of each ofthe storages in determining whether to transfer the user's data. Thedata storage server controller 126 can also use these factors to weighthe ease and cost of the transfer against the benefit to the first user(e.g., perceived latency decrease, performance increase, etc.).

In one embodiment, based on the determination that the transfer of thefirst user's data to the second location is desirable (or optimal), thedata storage server controller 126 can then cause the user dataassociated with the first user to be transferred to the second location.

At operation 514, when the data storage server controller 126 determinesthat the first user has not been associated with the current location ata greater frequency than the home location data, the data storage servercontroller 126 maintains the home location data associated with thefirst user unchanged, at operation 512. In this example, the datastorage server controller 126 determines that Rome, Italy does not occurmore frequently than New York, USA, such that Rome was only a vacationlocation such that New York remains the home location.

FIG. 6 illustrates a process 600 dynamically assigning a storagelocation for a communication session data in accordance with oneembodiment. The shared data between multiple users in a messagingconversation can media content items (e.g., text messages, images,videos, animations, webpage links, etc.) that were shared with each ofthe users in the messaging conversation via a messaging interface. Inone embodiment, the process 600 can be performed by the data storageserver controller 126 in the messaging server system 108.

In process 600, the data storage server controller 126 updates, atoperation 602, a home location data of a first user. The first user isassociated with a first client device 102 and the home location dataindicates a home location associated with the first user. In oneembodiment, the historical database in the data location table 316stores the home location data associated with each of the users in themessaging server system 108 including the first user. The first user'shome location data indicates the location the first user spends themajority of his time. The home location data, in one embodiment, is thelocation in the historical database that appears the most frequently inthe historical database associated with the first user. The homelocation data can also include a region location (e.g., New York or EastCoast United States) and country location (e.g., United States).

When a home location of a first user is updated, this update can signalto the data storage server controller 126 that a reevaluation of thedecision to select a given storage location (e.g., data center) to storethe communication session data between the first user and other users inthe messaging system 100 may be needed.

At operation 604, the data storage server controller 126 selects acommunication session in a messaging system 100. The communicationsession can be a messaging conversation or an electronic groupcommunication session such as a group chat, group instant messagingbetween a plurality of users via client devices 102 (not shown). Thecommunication session can comprise a plurality of users exchanging mediacontent items. In one embodiment, the communication session comprisesthe first user and a second user associated with a second client device102. In another embodiment, the communication session comprises thefirst user, the second user and a third user associated with a thirdclient device 102.

At operation 606, the data storage server controller 126 determines ahome location data of the second user. In one embodiment, the homelocation data of the second user is stored in the data location table316 in a historical database associated with the second user. The homelocation data of the second user indicates the home location of thesecond user (e.g., Los Angeles, California, or USA).

At operation 608, the data storage server controller 126 determines asession location data associated with the communication session. Thesession location data indicates a current storage location (e.g., a datacenter) storing data of the communication session received from theclient devices 102 of the users included in the communication session.For example, the communication session data can be the shared datareceived from the first client device 102, the second client device 102,the third client device 102 or any combination thereof. Thecommunication session data can be media content items (e.g., textmessages, images, videos, animations, webpage links, etc.) that areshared with each of the users in the messaging conversation via amessaging interface. The session location data can include theidentification of the storage location selected to store thecommunication session data. The identification of the storage locationcan include a name, an identification number, a network address, aregion location, or a country location.

At operation 610, the data storage server controller 126 identifies aplurality of available data storage locations based on the home locationdata of the first user and the home location data of the second user.The messaging server system 108 can have access to a number of datacenters geographically located around the World to store communicationsession data. Among these data centers, the data storage servercontroller 126 can identify the data centers that are available and thatwould optimize the access to shared data between the users in a givencommunication session. For example, if the home location of the firstuser is in New York and the home location of the second user is in LosAngeles, data storage locations (e.g., data centers) located in themiddle of the United States can be identified as available data storagelocations that could be used.

At operation 612, the data storage server controller 126 determineswhether to update the session location data. In one embodiment, the datastorage server controller 126 determines whether to update the sessionlocation data is based on an average of a distance over network fiberusing the home location of each of the users in the communicationsession (e.g., first user, second user, third user, etc.), the currentstorage location, and the available storage locations. Since networkfiber is not laid uniformly across the globe, the distance over networkfiber (e.g., distance travelled by the electrons of the shared data)between the home location of each of the users is considered todetermine where the shared data should optimally be stored.

For example, if the first user's home location is updated from Rome toNew York and the second user's home location is in Tokyo, the datastorage server controller 126 can determine based on the averagedistance over network fiber using the home locations of the first andsecond user that the storage location for the communication sessionbetween the first and second user should be changed from the data centerin Eastern Europe to a data center in Western United States.

In one embodiment, the data storage server controller 126 can also usean average of the latency in the communication session experienced byeach of the users in the communication session to determine whether toupdate the session location data. In one example, if the home locationof the first user is updated from London in New York and the homelocation of the two other users in the communication session are inEurope (e.g., Paris), the data storage server controller 126 maydetermine not to update the session location data which indicates astorage location in Europe, even though the first user's updated homelocation is in New York because the net benefit for the group of usersin this communication session is greater if the storage location for thecommunication session data (as identified by the session location data)remains unchanged.

In another embodiment, the data storage server controller 126 determineswhether a ratio of the average distance over network fiber and theaverage of the latency in the communication session is less than apredetermined threshold. Given that the distance over network fiber isassociated with a given cost per distance, the data storage servercontroller 126 can establish a cost amount for improvement in perceivedlatency using this ratio. The predetermined threshold can be a cost perimprovement in perceived latency (e.g., $ per millisecond ofimprovement).

The data storage server controller 126 can also assess the size of thedata of the communication session, a cost or a performance of thecurrent storage location and the plurality of available data storagelocations, and the frequency of usage of the messaging system 100 by theusers in the communication session, or any combination thereof todetermine whether to update the session location data. For example, thedata storage server controller 126 can determine that a smaller sizedcommunication session data is easier and less costly to transfer suchthat the transfer is desirable.

The data storage server controller 126 can also assess a financial cost(e.g., price of storage) of the transfer from a first storage (e.g.,current storage location) to a second storage (e.g., one of theavailable storage locations). The data storage server controller 126 canalso consider the performance capabilities of each of the storages indetermining whether to transfer the communication session data. The datastorage server controller 126 can also use these factors to weigh theease and cost of the transfer against the benefit to the users in thecommunication session (e.g., perceived latency decrease, performanceincrease, etc.).

The cost or the performance of storage locations can also be consideredwhen selecting the single storage location. The selection of the singlestorage location can also be reevaluated periodically or upon detectionof changes including, for example, a change in the home location of anyof the users, a change in the number of available storage locations, achange in the cost or performance of the available storage locations,etc.

At operation 614, in response to determining to update the sessionlocation data, the data storage server controller 126 updates thesession location data to indicate one of the available storagelocations. In one embodiment, the one of the available storage locationis selected based on the location, cost, performance, etc. At operation616, the data storage server controller 126 causes a transfer of thedata of the communication session to the available storage locationindicated in the session location data.

In one embodiment, a reevaluation of the decision to select a givenstorage location (e.g., data center) to store the communication sessiondata between the first user and other users in the messaging system 100may also be triggered when the data storage server controller 126detects a change in the plurality of available data storage locations.For example, the change can include an addition of an available storagelocation or a closing of a storage location, or a change in the cost orperformance of the available data storage locations. In this embodiment,the data storage server controller 126 can determine whether to updatethe session location data based on the change in the plurality ofavailable storage locations.

The data storage server controller 126 can also reevaluate the decisionto select a given storage location when the data storage servercontroller 126 detects a change in the current storage location. Thechange can be that the current storage location is closing, or that thecost or performance of the current storage location is changing. In thisembodiment, the data storage server controller 126 determines whether toupdate the session location data based on the change in the currentstorage location.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating an access-limiting process700, in terms of which access to content (e.g., an ephemeral message702, and associated multimedia payload of data) or a content collection(e.g., an ephemeral message group 704) may be time-limited (e.g., madeephemeral).

An ephemeral message 702 is shown to be associated with a messageduration parameter 706, the value of which determines an amount of timethat the ephemeral message 702 will be displayed to a receiving user ofthe ephemeral message 702 by the messaging client application 104. Inone embodiment, an ephemeral message 702 is viewable by a receiving userfor up to a maximum of 10 seconds, depending on the amount of time thatthe sending user specifies using the message duration parameter 706.

The message duration parameter 706 and the message receiver identifier424 are shown to be inputs to a message timer 712, which is responsiblefor determining the amount of time that the Ephemeral message 702 isshown to a particular receiving user identified by the message receiveridentifier 424. In particular, the ephemeral message 702 will only beshown to the relevant receiving user for a time period determined by thevalue of the message duration parameter 706. The message timer 712 isshown to provide output to a more generalized ephemeral timer system202, which is responsible for the overall timing of display of content(e.g., an ephemeral message 702) to a receiving user.

The ephemeral message 7022 is shown in FIG. 7 to be included within anephemeral message group 704 (e.g., a collection of messages in apersonal story, or an event story). The ephemeral message group 704 hasan associated group duration parameter 708, a value of which determinesa time-duration for which the ephemeral message group 704 is presentedand accessible to users of the messaging system 100. The group durationparameter 708, for example, may be the duration of a music concert,where the ephemeral message group 704 is a collection of contentpertaining to that concert. Alternatively, a user (either the owninguser or a curator user) may specify the value for the group durationparameter 708 when performing the setup and creation of the ephemeralmessage group 704.

Additionally, each ephemeral message 702 within the ephemeral messagegroup 704 has an associated group participation parameter 710, a valueof which determines the duration of time for which the ephemeral message702 will be accessible within the context of the ephemeral message group704. Accordingly, a particular ephemeral message group 704 may “expire”and become inaccessible within the context of the ephemeral messagegroup 704, prior to the ephemeral message group 704 itself expiring interms of the group duration parameter 708. The group duration parameter708, group participation parameter 710, and message receiver identifier424 each provide input to a group timer 714, which operationallydetermines, firstly, whether a particular ephemeral message 702 of theephemeral message group 704 will be displayed to a particular receivinguser and, if so, for how long. Note that the ephemeral message group 704is also aware of the identity of the particular receiving user as aresult of the message receiver identifier 424.

Accordingly, the group timer 714 operationally controls the overalllifespan of an associated ephemeral message group 704, as well as anindividual ephemeral message 702 included in the ephemeral message group704. In one embodiment, each and every ephemeral message 702 within theephemeral message group 704 remains viewable and accessible for atime-period specified by the group duration parameter 708. In a furtherembodiment, a certain ephemeral message 702 may expire, within thecontext of ephemeral message group 704, based on a group participationparameter 710. Note that a message duration parameter 706 may stilldetermine the duration of time for which a particular ephemeral message702 is displayed to a receiving user, even within the context of theephemeral message group 704. Accordingly, the message duration parameter706 determines the duration of time that a particular ephemeral message702 is displayed to a receiving user, regardless of whether thereceiving user is viewing that ephemeral message 702 inside or outsidethe context of an ephemeral message group 704.

The ephemeral timer system 202 may furthermore operationally remove aparticular ephemeral message 702 from the ephemeral message group 704based on a determination that it has exceeded an associated groupparticipation parameter 710. For example, when a sending user hasestablished a group participation parameter 710 of 24 hours fromposting, the ephemeral timer system 202 will remove the relevantephemeral message 702 from the ephemeral message group 704 after thespecified 24 hours. The ephemeral timer system 202 also operates toremove an ephemeral message group 704 either when the groupparticipation parameter 710 for each and every ephemeral message 702within the ephemeral message group 704 has expired, or when theephemeral message group 704 itself has expired in terms of the groupduration parameter 708.

In certain use cases, a creator of a particular ephemeral message group704 may specify an indefinite group duration parameter 708. In thiscase, the expiration of the group participation parameter 710 for thelast remaining ephemeral message 702 within the ephemeral message group704 will determine when the ephemeral message group 704 itself expires.In this case, a new ephemeral message 702, added to the ephemeralmessage group 704, with a new group participation parameter 710,effectively extends the life of an ephemeral message group 704 to equalthe value of the group participation parameter 710.

Responsive to the ephemeral timer system 202 determining that anephemeral message group 704 has expired (e.g., is no longer accessible),the ephemeral timer system 202 communicates with the messaging system100 (and, for example, specifically the messaging client application104) to cause an indicium (e.g., an icon) associated with the relevantephemeral message group 704 to no longer be displayed within a userinterface of the messaging client application 104. Similarly, when theephemeral timer system 202 determines that the message durationparameter 706 for a particular ephemeral message 702 has expired, theephemeral timer system 202 causes the messaging client application 104to no longer display an indicium (e.g., an icon or textualidentification) associated with the ephemeral message 702.

FIG. 8 is a diagrammatic representation of the machine 800 within whichinstructions 808 (e.g., software, a program, an application, an applet,an app, or other executable code) for causing the machine 800 to performany one or more of the methodologies discussed herein may be executed.For example, the instructions 808 may cause the machine 800 to executeany one or more of the methods described herein. The instructions 808transform the general, non-programmed machine 800 into a particularmachine 800 programmed to carry out the described and illustratedfunctions in the manner described. The machine 800 may operate as astandalone device or may be coupled (e.g., networked) to other machines.In a networked deployment, the machine 800 may operate in the capacityof a server machine or a client machine in a server-client networkenvironment, or as a peer machine in a peer-to-peer (or distributed)network environment. The machine 800 may comprise, but not be limitedto, a server computer, a client computer, a personal computer (PC), atablet computer, a laptop computer, a netbook, a set-top box (STB), aPDA, an entertainment media system, a cellular telephone, a smart phone,a mobile device, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch), a smart homedevice (e.g., a smart appliance), other smart devices, a web appliance,a network router, a network switch, a network bridge, or any machinecapable of executing the instructions 808, sequentially or otherwise,that specify actions to be taken by the machine 800. Further, while onlya single machine 800 is illustrated, the term “machine” shall also betaken to include a collection of machines that individually or jointlyexecute the instructions 808 to perform any one or more of themethodologies discussed herein.

The machine 800 may include processors 802, memory 804, and I/Ocomponents 838, which may be configured to communicate with each othervia a bus 840. In an example embodiment, the processors 802 (e.g., aCentral Processing Unit (CPU), a Reduced Instruction Set Computing(RISC) Processor, a Complex Instruction Set Computing (CISC) Processor,a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), anASIC, a Radio-Frequency Integrated Circuit (RFIC), another Processor, orany suitable combination thereof) may include, for example, a Processor806 and a Processor 810 that execute the instructions 808. The term“Processor” is intended to include multi-core processors that maycomprise two or more independent processors (sometimes referred to as“cores”) that may execute instructions contemporaneously. Although FIG.8 shows multiple processors 802, the machine 800 may include a singleProcessor with a single core, a single Processor with multiple cores(e.g., a multi-core Processor), multiple processors with a single core,multiple processors with multiples cores, or any combination thereof.

The memory 804 includes a main memory 812, a static memory 814, and astorage unit 816, both accessible to the processors 802 via the bus 840.The main memory 804, the static memory 814, and storage unit 816 storethe instructions 808 embodying any one or more of the methodologies orfunctions described herein. The instructions 808 may also reside,completely or partially, within the main memory 812, within the staticmemory 814, within machine-readable medium 818 within the storage unit816, within at least one of the processors 802 (e.g., within theProcessor's cache memory), or any suitable combination thereof, duringexecution thereof by the machine 800.

The I/O components 838 may include a wide variety of components toreceive input, provide output, produce output, transmit information,exchange information, capture measurements, and so on. The specific I/Ocomponents 838 that are included in a particular machine will depend onthe type of machine. For example, portable machines such as mobilephones may include a touch input device or other such input mechanisms,while a headless server machine will likely not include such a touchinput device. It will be appreciated that the I/O components 838 mayinclude many other components that are not shown in FIG. 8 . In variousexample embodiments, the I/O components 838 may include user outputcomponents 824 and user input components 826. The user output components824 may include visual components (e.g., a display such as a plasmadisplay panel (PDP), a light emitting diode (LED) display, a liquidcrystal display (LCD), a projector, or a cathode ray tube (CRT)),acoustic components (e.g., speakers), haptic components (e.g., avibratory motor, resistance mechanisms), other signal generators, and soforth. The user input components 826 may include alphanumeric inputcomponents (e.g., a keyboard, a touch screen configured to receivealphanumeric input, a photo-optical keyboard, or other alphanumericinput components), point-based input components (e.g., a mouse, atouchpad, a trackball, a joystick, a motion sensor, or another pointinginstrument), tactile input components (e.g., a physical button, a touchscreen that provides location and/or force of touches or touch gestures,or other tactile input components), audio input components (e.g., amicrophone), and the like.

In further example embodiments, the I/O components 838 may includebiometric components 828, motion components 830, environmentalcomponents 832, or position components 834, among a wide array of othercomponents. For example, the biometric components 828 include componentsto detect expressions (e.g., hand expressions, facial expressions, vocalexpressions, body gestures, or eye-tracking), measure biosignals (e.g.,blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, perspiration, or brainwaves), identify a person (e.g., voice identification, retinalidentification, facial identification, fingerprint identification, orelectroencephalogram-based identification), and the like. The motioncomponents 830 include acceleration sensor components (e.g.,accelerometer), gravitation sensor components, rotation sensorcomponents (e.g., gyroscope). The environmental components 832 include,for example, one or cameras (with still image/photograph and videocapabilities), illumination sensor components (e.g., photometer),temperature sensor components (e.g., one or more thermometers thatdetect ambient temperature), humidity sensor components, pressure sensorcomponents (e.g., barometer), acoustic sensor components (e.g., one ormore microphones that detect background noise), proximity sensorcomponents (e.g., infrared sensors that detect nearby objects), gassensors (e.g., gas detection sensors to detection concentrations ofhazardous gases for safety or to measure pollutants in the atmosphere),or other components that may provide indications, measurements, orsignals corresponding to a surrounding physical environment. Theposition components 834 include location sensor components (e.g., a GPSreceiver Component), altitude sensor components (e.g., altimeters orbarometers that detect air pressure from which altitude may be derived),orientation sensor components (e.g., magnetometers), and the like.

Communication may be implemented using a wide variety of technologies.The I/O components 838 further include communication components 836operable to couple the machine 800 to a network 820 or devices 822 viarespective coupling or connections. For example, the communicationcomponents 836 may include a network interface Component or anothersuitable device to interface with the network 820. In further examples,the communication components 836 may include wired communicationcomponents, wireless communication components, cellular communicationcomponents, Near Field Communication (NFC) components, Bluetooth ®components (e.g., Bluetooth® Low Energy), Wi-Fi® components, and othercommunication components to provide communication via other modalities.The devices 822 may be another machine or any of a wide variety ofperipheral devices (e.g., a peripheral device coupled via a USB).

Moreover, the communication components 836 may detect identifiers orinclude components operable to detect identifiers. For example, thecommunication components 836 may include Radio Frequency Identification(RFID) tag reader components, NFC smart tag detection components,optical reader components (e.g., an optical sensor to detectone-dimensional bar codes such as Universal Product Code (UPC) bar code,multi-dimensional bar codes such as Quick Response (QR) code, Azteccode, Data Matrix, Dataglyph, MaxiCode, PDF417, Ultra Code, UCC RSS-2Dbar code, and other optical codes), or acoustic detection components(e.g., microphones to identify tagged audio signals). In addition, avariety of information may be derived via the communication components836, such as location via Internet Protocol (IP) geolocation, locationvia Wi-Fi® signal triangulation, location via detecting an NFC beaconsignal that may indicate a particular location, and so forth.

The various memories (e.g., main memory 812, static memory 814, and/ormemory of the processors 802) and/or storage unit 816 may store one ormore sets of instructions and data structures (e.g., software) embodyingor used by any one or more of the methodologies or functions describedherein. These instructions (e.g., the instructions 808), when executedby processors 802, cause various operations to implement the disclosedembodiments.

The instructions 808 may be transmitted or received over the network820, using a transmission medium, via a network interface device (e.g.,a network interface Component included in the communication components836) and using any one of several well-known transfer protocols (e.g.,hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)). Similarly, the instructions 808 maybe transmitted or received using a transmission medium via a coupling(e.g., a peer-to-peer coupling) to the devices 822.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram 900 illustrating a software architecture 904,which can be installed on any one or more of the devices describedherein. The software architecture 904 is supported by hardware such as amachine 902 that includes processors 920, memory 926, and I/O components938. In this example, the software architecture 904 can beconceptualized as a stack of layers, where each layer provides aparticular functionality. The software architecture 904 includes layerssuch as an operating system 912, libraries 910, frameworks 908, andapplications 906. Operationally, the applications 906 invoke API calls950 through the software stack and receive messages 952 in response tothe API calls 950.

The operating system 912 manages hardware resources and provides commonservices. The operating system 912 includes, for example, a kernel 914,services 916, and drivers 922. The kernel 914 acts as an abstractionlayer between the hardware and the other software layers. For example,the kernel 914 provides memory management, Processor management (e.g.,scheduling), Component management, networking, and security settings,among other functionality. The services 916 can provide other commonservices for the other software layers. The drivers 922 are responsiblefor controlling or interfacing with the underlying hardware. Forinstance, the drivers 922 can include display drivers, camera drivers,BLUETOOTH® or BLUETOOTH® Low Energy drivers, flash memory drivers,serial communication drivers (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB) drivers),WI-FI® drivers, audio drivers, power management drivers, and so forth.

The libraries 910 provide a low-level common infrastructure used by theapplications 906. The libraries 910 can include system libraries 918(e.g., C standard library) that provide functions such as memoryallocation functions, string manipulation functions, mathematicfunctions, and the like. In addition, the libraries 910 can include APIlibraries 924 such as media libraries (e.g., libraries to supportpresentation and manipulation of various media formats such as MovingPicture Experts Group-4 (MPEG4), Advanced Video Coding (H.264 or AVC),Moving Picture Experts Group Layer-3 (MP3), Advanced Audio Coding (AAC),Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) audio codec, Joint Photographic Experts Group(JPEG or JPG), or Portable Network Graphics (PNG)), graphics libraries(e.g., an OpenGL framework used to render in two dimensions (2D) andthree dimensions (3D) in a graphic content on a display), databaselibraries (e.g., SQLite to provide various relational databasefunctions), web libraries (e.g., WebKit to provide web browsingfunctionality), and the like. The libraries 910 can also include a widevariety of other libraries 928 to provide many other APIs to theapplications 906.

The frameworks 908 provide a high-level common infrastructure that isused by the applications 906. For example, the frameworks 908 providevarious graphical user interface (GUI) functions, high-level resourcemanagement, and high-level location services. The frameworks 908 canprovide a broad spectrum of other APIs that can be used by theapplications 906, some of which may be specific to a particularoperating system or platform.

In an example embodiment, the applications 906 may include a homeapplication 936, a contacts application 930, a browser application 932,a book reader application 934, a location application 942, a mediaapplication 944, a messaging application 946, a game application 948,and a broad assortment of other applications such as a third-partyapplication 940. The e applications 906 are programs that executefunctions defined in the programs. Various programming languages can beemployed to create one or more of the applications 906, structured in avariety of manners, such as object-oriented programming languages (e.g.,Objective-C, Java, or C++) or procedural programming languages (e.g., Cor assembly language). In a specific example, the third-partyapplication 940 (e.g., an application developed using the ANDROID™ orIOS™ software development kit (SDK) by an entity other than the vendorof the particular platform) may be mobile software running on a mobileoperating system such as IOS™, ANDROID™, WINDOWS® Phone, or anothermobile operating system. In this example, the third-party application940 can invoke the API calls 950 provided by the operating system 912 tofacilitate functionality described herein.

1. A method comprising: receiving, by a processor, a signal from a firstclient device associated with a first user; storing a current locationof the first client device in a historical database associated with thefirst user; determining whether a home location data associated with thefirst user matches the current location; in response to determining thatthe home location data associated with the first user does not match thecurrent location, determining whether the first user has been associatedwith the current location at a greater frequency than the home locationdata based on the historical database, and in response to determiningthat the first user has been associated with the current location at agreater frequency, updating the home location data associated with thefirst user to the current location; and causing the user data associatedwith the first user to be transferred from a first location to a secondlocation based on a size of the user data, a usage frequency associatedwith the first user, a latency cost associated with storing the userdata associated with the first user in the first location and the secondlocation, or a financial cost of storing the user data associated withthe first user in the first location and the second location.
 2. Themethod of claim 1, further comprising: updating a user data storagelocation from a first storage location to a second storage locationbased on the home location data.
 3. The method of claim 2, furthercomprising: determining whether to transfer the user data associatedwith the first user to the second location based on the size of the userdata, the usage frequency associated with the first user, the latencycost associated with storing the user data associated with the firstuser in the first location and the second location, or the financialcost of storing the user data associated with the first user in thefirst location and the second location.
 4. The method of claim 1,further comprising: in response to determining that no data has beenassociated with the first user as the home location data, storing thecurrent location as the home location data associated with the firstuser.
 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising: in response todetermining that the home location data associated with the first userdoes match the current location, maintaining the home location dataassociated with the first user unchanged.
 6. The method of claim 1,further comprising: in response to determining that the first user hasnot been associated with the current location at a greater frequency,maintaining the home location data associated with the first userunchanged.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the historical databasecomprises the home location data associated with the first user and ahistory of locations associated with the first user.
 8. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the home location data comprises a home location regionor a home location country.
 9. A system comprising: a processor; and amemory having instructions stored thereon, when executed by theprocessor, causes the system to perform operations comprising: receivinga signal from a first client device associated with a first user;storing a current location of the first client device in a historicaldatabase associated with the first user; determining whether a homelocation data associated with the first user matches the currentlocation; in response to determining that the home location dataassociated with the first user does not match the current location,determining whether the first user has been associated with the currentlocation at a greater frequency than the home location data based on thehistorical database, and in response to determining that the first userhas been associated with the current location at the greater frequency,updating the home location data associated with the first user to thecurrent location; and causing the user data associated with the firstuser to be transferred a first location to a second location based on asize of the user data, a usage frequency associated with the first user,a latency cost associated with storing the user data associated with thefirst user in the first location and the second location, or a financialcost of storing the user data associated with the first user in thefirst location and the second location.
 10. The system of claim 9,wherein the operations further comprising: updating a user data storagelocation from a first storage location to a second storage locationbased on the home location data; and causing user data associated withthe first user to be transferred to the second location.
 11. The systemof claim 10, wherein the operations further comprising: determiningwhether to transfer the user data associated with the first user to thesecond location based on the size of the user data, the usage frequencyassociated with the first user, the latency cost associated with storingthe user data associated with the first user in the first location andthe second location, or the financial cost of storing the user dataassociated with the first user in the first location and the secondlocation.
 12. The system of claim 9, wherein the operations furthercomprising: in response to determining that no data has been associatedwith the first user as the home location data, storing the currentlocation as the home location data associated with the first user. 13.The system of claim 9, wherein the operations further comprising: inresponse to determining that the home location data associated with thefirst user does match the current location, maintaining the homelocation data associated with the first user unchanged.
 14. The systemof claim 9, wherein the operations further comprising: in response todetermining that the first user has not been associated with the currentlocation at a greater frequency, maintaining the home location dataassociated with the first user unchanged.
 15. The system of claim 9,wherein the historical database comprises the home location dataassociated with the first user and a history of locations associatedwith the first user.
 16. The system of claim 9, wherein the homelocation data comprises a home location region or a home locationcountry.
 17. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium havingstored thereon instructions, when executed by a processor, causes theprocessor to perform operations comprising: receiving a signal from afirst client device associated with a first user; storing a currentlocation of the first client device in a historical database associatedwith the first user; determining whether a home location data associatedwith the first user matches the current location; in response todetermining that the home location data associated with the first userdoes not match the current location, determining whether the first userhas been associated with the current location at a greater frequencythan the home location data based on the historical database, and inresponse to determining that the first user has been associated with thecurrent location at the greater frequency, updating the home locationdata associated with the first user to the current location; and causingthe user data associated with the first user to be transferred from afirst location to a second location based on a size of the user data, ausage frequency associated with the first user, a latency costassociated with storing the user data associated with the first user inthe first location and the second location, or a financial cost ofstoring the user data associated with the first user in the firstlocation and the second location.
 18. The non-transitorycomputer-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein the operationsfurther comprising: updating a user data storage location from a firststorage location to a second storage location based on the home locationdata.
 19. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim17, wherein the operations further comprising: determining whether totransfer the user data associated with the first user to the secondlocation based on the size of the user data, the usage frequencyassociated with the first user, the latency cost associated with storingthe user data associated with the first user in the first location andthe second location, or the financial cost of storing the user dataassociated with the first user in the first location and the secondlocation.
 20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium ofclaim 17, wherein the operations further comprising: in response todetermining that no data has been associated with the first user as thehome location data, storing the current location as the home locationdata associated with the first user.